Iroabuchi S. Onwuka
These two men probably need introduction but their work do not.

Robert Sapolsky

Robert Plomin
By
Iroabuchi S. Onwuka
My interest in the general theory of protein and the plaque
on the brain that block some of the receptive life streaming between the
medulla and cortex started with Robert Plomin. Although some of his theories
have high Darwin absorption rate it looks to narrate the development of human
cells along the nurture of one’s environment. The issue is not the effects of
environment on human intelligence but the extent some of the genes in the body
proclaim the audacity for academic ability. There are so much we can narrate
from the issue of nurture and nature and one predilections of one’s
environment, but to the extent that the environment s and human consumption of
energy are experienced in the body troughs specific pathways, nurture and
nature and the adaptive procreation of human beings from plants and plankton to
microbes that eat green algae to prokaryotes adapting to living on the surface
of the earth until the worm-like organelles – the Eukaryotes may explain the
nature of experiences and human senses and how they reflect our lives proving a
curative. One of the greater importance of the life and growth of cells into
full adult forms is the power of the brain; especially the function of the
hypothalamus is handling the environmental reactionary – for instance the
natural constants such temperature and pressure – and its envelope effect on
the release of hormones from the body are controlled by the brain. The brain
therefore forms the backlog of human understanding and the biological evolution
and it is considered from more ancient past sacral due to its ability to
perform very practical function of the body.
The question of the brain with redundancies sorted by the
cerebrum is the fact that proteins can be treated to avoid the gradual death –
perhaps through a cystic autoimmune deficiency and accumulation of hormones
that depletes another, or hormones triggered into bad actions or poor timing
due to failures of the hypothalamus to regulate the body hence ousting bad
timing. The next important aspect of sensory receptor cells and is the role of
LTP; long term Potentiation, by which ‘a synaptic model for learning is the
process of stimulating a dendritic spine in a dense cluster of rapid action
potentials, resulting in that synapse becoming hyper responsive or potentiated’
and ‘after potentiation has occurred the pathway is stronger’. In all likelihood, potentiation is that
probability that one neuron can cause action potential. and mentioned the ANS
(Autonomic Nervous System) and PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System), where the
voluntary nervous system controls as it where for many cases involving both
sides of the information that ‘Voluntary Nervous System’ which controls rapid
regulations of skeletal muscles. So he described plasticity in ANS function as
condition made possible for three functions (a) habitation (b) sensitization
(c) biofeedback, all of which are part of the parameters of ANS.
The third plasticity is the ‘Biofeedback’ lope, which
Sapolsky described as a “conscious tool for controlling the unconscious
workings of the ANS; for example, thinking relaxing thoughts can reduce the SNS
responses.” For instance Chocolate contain ‘Phenylthalamine’ (PEA), which is
visible and noticed in large amount for people in love, especially women, show
that the long held view that chocolate is the food for the soul, may have some
chemical reasons for it. In essence love or the feeling of being in love can be
forced by the intake of a ‘PEA’ brand. This area more than anything involves
the new attempts at evolutionary behavior of human psychology.
Arguing from Robert Plomin’ hypothesis, this was gene or
what they ‘accurately’ mention as allele, was found in the ‘Chromosome 6 and in
an insulin-like growth factor-2-receptor’, and Plomin it is argued,
collectively grouped this set of genes as ‘IGF2R’, and ‘two forms or alleles
were examined known as allele 4 and allele 5’ that it was believed to have been
involved in neurophysiology of the brain and the functions were not well known.
But from other sources, the structure of human brain significantly differ from
the Chimpanzee and other Homo-erectus, and from instance mentioned here and in
the relation between the Insulin-like gene no doubt relative to other sugar
control genes like the ones the humans cannot produce; Sialic Acid, seem to
suggest a relevant relationship to dope or similar enzymes that are linked to B
receptor cells. Although Matt Ridley independently mentioned that the middle
IGF2Ry of Plomin containing 7, 473 letters are mostly found in Chromosome 6
which is he called intelligence gene of the total 98, 000 letters. Merck ‘TSA,
and TAAs typically are potions of intracellular molecules expressed on the cell
surface as part of the major histocompatibility complex’, host response to
tumors constitute its cellular immunity, biology of the immune system
constitute its cellular receptivity. “Any auto-reactive lymphocytes not
controlled by these mechanisms are usually restrained by FOXP3+regulatory
T-Cells. A regulatory T-Cells defect may accompany any of these mechanisms for
autoimmunity. Anti-idiotype antibodies (antibodies to the antigen-combining
site of other antibodies) may interfere with regulations of antibody activity”
Robert Sapolsky in one his teachings on ‘Biology and Human
behavior’ showed how the connections between the Cortex to the Limbic is
physiological displayed in the brain function, such that Frontal Contex shows a
connection to the Amygdala to the Hippocampus, from what they called the
hippocampus to Formix to Septum in a short attempt to translate information –
especially sound to the brain illustrated through the Hillocks. The impact of
sound on human language is a long story of sound and memory that separate the
structure of the animals from one form to another, perhaps the human brains so
wired to understand and analyze sounds is based on the brain where the frontal
cortex or lobe is as protruding as perhaps human closest primates. It is easier
to make the study that connection of the Thalamus to Hypothalamus is
biological, entails sound and perhaps speech entails attitude to things about
us than others that the other sensory nervous system including temperature and
pressures which are part of the brain’s memory are not taken seriously. Whereas
the argument is entirely useful that majority of what the fibers of brain
protein retains is closer to sound than temperature – for instance the dermis
of the protein walls and the sodium gated channels between the ions and solute
below the two layer of cytoplasm is based on sound – more to sound than
temperature – since sound parts the gated channels encouraging the reproductive
quality of APO-proteins. But it is really the temperature that serve this
purpose not necessarily the final versions of temperature which is sound exist
the axial stage of zero or neutral stage. We can sum up the relationship
between heat and temperature to sound and energy as a consequence of light and
coloration defining the age of the sound and the perception which is a
differential so to speak of relative response of the body to new sound and
experience. So between the Thalamus and hypothalamus through to the Mammillary
Bodies are question of transition that enables the body and the brain to
perform their function through the right process and processes of information
translation.
A Negative Feedback loop is a term that recently achieved
field theory, commonly used in the relation of the small quantity to the
original body. My oldest knowledge of the use of the negative feedback is used
by Harold Stephen Black considered an engineer. But the double negative feed
gives us a better picture of human memory which is a relay process and deals with
human synaptic that age with levels of receptive ability. In small inlets, the
rate a breakdown takes in the body is not different from the way the body
analyses its information. This process however breakdown as we age and the rate
at which we are aware conformed by return of negative message – message since
it detonates a parts of human brain most reception to a system entering the
medulla on which the hormones stimulus is most effective. Without this negative
feedback essentially returning a sound, a voice as with dermis to another to
major domo, the color that separate the information and elements will filter
different and the brain will not distil () and we remember the past not the
very present. In one offs beat argument, there is something about the relationship
between what we remember and here, Alzheimer is important in Medicine. How we
react to information and is perhaps related to speech, behavior, and what they
call the frontal loop but it is really a matter of the body ability to handle
specific nature of information. An excessive form of the informed reaction may
be taken as dementia, but really the ability of the body to project an
experience is more to do with frontal loop not necessarily what we consider a
re-collection.
We shall cite an example on how the language and human
sounds pave and close means and ways the bother transposes itself and why the
theme of logic and speech permeate the very knowledge of human body. It is an
example that paves the way for understanding the brain diseases and conditions,
where the impact of information system to any part of body and to the
simulation of suppressed emotions and enzymes and sex hormones can suggest that
a recommendation of the use and abuse of a therapy, sexual therapy, sensitized
neuropathy and above all the culture with charged sexuality suppressing these
emotions differently. Free Nerve ending have no “preferred” mode, it is
stimulated without a preferred mode and in various other ways, it is equally
responsive equally responsive to chemicals, temperature, damage to the tissue,
electricity which is recent addition and radiant energy.
The Cochlea as we shall also discuss will open several
arguments about the ‘tick’ or ‘clicks’ of sounds in the ear and how the brain
interprets it, why it was successfully perfected by Hungarian 1961 Nobel Prize
in Medicine and physiology, Georg Von Bekesy, ‘for his discoveries concerning
the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the Cochlea’. Georg Bekesy is not
the first to perform such experiment about auditory canals but the field was
quite revealing of the internal dynamics of the hearing system and not
necessarily its storage capacity. His work which has led to the production of
artificial Cochlea as part of the sensory prosthesis –where such devices as
‘Cochlear implants’ and ‘retinal chips’, which are small devices that look like
the ear can now aid the hearing faculty of the patient.
So the outline of the brain in terms of the hearing
capacities is as follow, (1) Cortex, (2) Limbic system, (3) Hypothalamus (Brian
Stem), (4) Pituitary Gland. We are not very excited about with medulla
oblongata or the cerebrum at this particular point, we are primarily concerned
with the Cortex and the Limbic system, largely for the function they perform in
helping to create a living and explicable pathway for hearing and for other
forms of human device, and in multi-faced forms of storage and memory. So we
begin with the Cortex. The Cortex is the part of the brain’s evolutionary
structure for learning and absorption and the work of the six layered parts of
the Cortex is fairly notable in Biology. We doubt that the specific function of
the Brain layers is subordinate to memory and learning only, but the forms of
expression that accompany such learning one hand and storage ‘memory’ on the
other, compels other reaction in the large swaths of human life and its
existence.
Sensory Physiology involves the study and the dynamics of
how the brain connects from the outer limits of the world of information to the
inner parts of the brain, a process it achieves by series of ‘interface’ or
series of interconnection. The purpose of understanding the physiology of senses
is that it shows how sensory receptors (cells) work to translate energy states
into information that the brain recognizes, a case not too far from biophysics
and in the words of Francis B. Colavita of University of Pittsburgh, sensory
“Cells that change electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical, or thermal energy
into a form to which the brain is responsive.” These cells translate forms of
energy or states, in such a way, that receptors define our sensory world and
how perceptions “created in the brain by integrating basic sense data with our
past experiences. Past experiences stored in the brain give meaning to our
present sensory experiences.”
It is also clear that no particular group of human primate
can eagerly state for such to suffer deficiencies in any of disease than
others. If we care to add at this point and in extensor, the recovery rate of
body to any induced influences describe the nature and necessarily nurture of
the proteins and the genetic we are saved from the arguments. Saved from the
arguments is the reality which we impose from elsewhere that gorilla’s tend to
higher cortisol level and steroids than most other primates, that whereas human
have degrees of the blood types of the classic version of A, B, and O, is
lacking in gorilla and Chimpanzees with only specific blood types. The
contentious issues is the copious separation of a peculiar brain condition –
the Dementia closer to the frontal cortex and the place of frontal lobes which
is a final protein products of a blood deep in valines, two valines stymies’
depression tendency, show high levels of clearance of cortisol and a versed
version of cortisone – steroids and hence slightly immune to depressive
chemical imbalances of valines in the demine of a specific enucleated blood type.
The other aside of the dementia – and the in the case is the plaque of
composition in the nerves and protein walls of the brain, that is the Alzheimer
is no less a condition respective to the slow translation of informed exposure
than the ability of the running ‘fibroins’
Saunders, A, M, W.J Strittmatter, et al, 1993 “Several
independent line of evidence led us to examine apolipoprotein E in later onset
familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). We observed several proteins in CSF that
bound to immobilized amyloid-beta-peptide (found in AD affected brains) with
high affinity. Micro-sequencing and Western blotting technique identified APOE
as one of these proteins. APOE was known to be localized to the region of
Chromosome 19, which in previous studies had shown possible linked to onset
FAD. Furthermore, antisera to APOE stained senile plaque, neuro-fibrillary
tangles, and cerebral vessel amyloidal deposits in AD brains” The subject of recent experiment Robert Green is based on the reproductive ability of APOE and how it can enhance the the warning signs of Alzheimer. If you take the case very seriously, the informed
Weiner, Shulman, et al, @2003, “Signals are relayed from one
neuron to another along the neuron’s long fiber, called the axon.” That at “...the end of the axon, the signal flashes across a space
between the cells called the synoptic cleft. The signal then activates the next
cell, which carries it along the axon to the next cell, which carries the
signal along – so on.” These informed pathways gives us fare idea on how energy is processed by the body and how the gradual failure of the brain and mind is linked to neurons and the adaptive tissues. In considering the failures of body and brain to defend its against Alzheimer there are degrees of failures. Naturally the assumption is the tissues and axons poles may be responsible for the deficiency in information, especially in relationship between the races - the rate being the worse in human races with European and North Atlantic background. But this is not perhaps the case - the case is that the plaques and tangles in Alzheimer may have a lot to do with blood types and ability of remove hard to digest enzymes and chemicals from the body.
“The brain is divided into three main sections; the two
cerebral hemispheres (together known as the cerebrum), the cerebellum, and the
brain stem. At the base of the brain are two large groups of nerve cells called
the basal ganglia, which are made up of the Putamen, the Caudate, and the
Globus Pallidus. The Putamen and Caudate together make up the striatum. The
basal ganglia are intricately connected with almost all other regions of the
brain, and they play a large role in modulating signals for normal and abnormal
motor activity.”
“The Substantia nigra is full of dopamine – producing cells,
which deliver their product (dopamine) to the basal ganglia and other parts of
the brain. Because this path for motor control includes both the substantia
nigra and the striatum, it is called the nigrostiatal pathway.”
‘When the substantia nigra is damaged and the dopamine cells
malfunction, the Dopamine supply to the canduate and putamen (the straitum)
gradually reduced until eventually, the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease emerge
– generally when about 50 percent of the cells in the substantia and damaged.”
When these do not function very well, there are instances of
Parkinson. Senile dementia “A relating common condition affecting the
elderly (sixties and older), caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis”
“Accepting Alzheimer’s diseases as a separation disease
prevented the coming about of another, more complicated question, i.e., the
question whether Senile Dementia is a disease entity to be distinguished from
aging.”There are cases of cortical dementia, severe memory loss and
subcortical dementia – affecting people – language difficulty (1) Parkinson’s
dementia (2) Huntington’s diseases (3) AIDS dimension and other versions of
multi-sclerosis. Nerve cells called neurons linking the ‘brain’ spinal down to
muscles of hand, information ‘relayed’ from one nerve end – neurons to another
– through fiber – (protein fiber – (wand) ) axons. A case in time concerning
the Americans who suffers the accelerated versions of the Alzheimer disease
beginning with the questions of MCI – Mild Cognitive Impairments….Sections of the brain…..(1)
Speech – frontal lobe (2) Thinking
and Attention – frontal lobe (3) Sensation and movement (middle part of the
brain) (4) Perception and Broca – following the middle part of the brain (5) Vision
– back of the brain (6) Balance –
suffer a blow to the brain (7) Emotion
and memory – very lower part of the brain.
We use Robert Sapolsky’s explicating to detonate why the
plaque in the brain is not so much a question of the cancer which is really
cystic and the slow rate of the body to remove from medulla and oval patina of
cerebrum ingestion pallets of calcium which hardly run the course with iron as
a regulator or inhibitor for calcium in the blood. The blood issues regards to
Alzheimer’s is plain in how the sickness may be generic, plain on how the
diseases or the gradual breakdown of the nucleated member pertains to motor
neuron and the its feedback potential, whereas those which accompanied versions
of brain decay which is not Alzheimer’s but a sudden end capable of meeting any
nerve at human ends. The issue of poor removal of calcium from the body be
based on the generic struggle of one’s blood types, to an extent we can cite
that the possibilities of a monkey with especially blood types suffering
Alzheimer’s may differ from the human and a race to its tilt. Apparently we
need describe in short details and for the interest of human cancers or cystic
inducement of certain hormones in the body that may fail to function narrating
the rundown of sensitive chemical repository in in the body, may explain its
origins in the composition of the body and blood types.
He mentioned that in terms of ANS ‘sympathetic nervous
system releases (SNS) epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and
noradrenalin) is used’. The Parasympathetic nervous regulates the blood. So
parts of the Neurotransmitter involves a long chain of action potential that
are located somewhere in the brain and in the cortex and each of the three
major plasticity in ANS function are a final look at the brain and how it
functions in the main. The ‘habituation’ which relates to the process ‘whereby
the same stimulus will not have the same effect on the ANS’ can better be
described from the stand point of what happens in the young level of newt, the
‘sensitization’ is the process ‘whereby a stimulus that once did not have an
effect on the ANS now does’, relating in part to same theory regarding the same
possibility of the brain acquiring new synapse strength, were the idea of motor
neurons of say a man or woman, who was essentially blocked in the motor neurons
of the brain, who naturally would act and feel anything since the trigger and
information storage is missing, may be a temporary and short term incident and
by that the major neuron affected is the hippocampus.
The short delivery ration of information trigger is at the
time of the choking blocked from learning new things, making it seem that the
brain will not function. Apparently, the brain gradually picks up and heaves
information and new synapses unto of the older ones, suggesting that after the
sensory cells, the damage is common and may have temporary effect, but it is
one of the cells that can repair at a much faster rate than others.
The SNS responses connect one very close to Parasympathetic,
for that the human response to certain drugs in quite important since it
enables the body to regulate the range of its emotion and to some degree
expression. One example that appears in several text books which Sapolsky also
mentioned relates to the dry quality of ingested drugs. It is said that some drugs
when ‘ingested dry’ can enter into the ‘blood stream’ ‘enter the brain’ get
into the synapse largely because the dry has similar chemical structure
identical to Neurotransmitter. But other drugs can also produce the same effect
by forcing the neurotransmitter into a long chain of action. For example the
hallucinogen such as LSD, Mescaline, can stimulate the ‘Serotonin receptor’.
And still in terms of SNS, some drugs can block information, for instance
‘Curare can block the acetylcholine receptor in the diaphragm causing breathing
to cease’, cocaine of course trigger the release of dopamine hence people act
weird and fearlessly. And on the other ‘Antipsychotic drugs’ can block the same
dopamine receptor, weakening or ‘lessening symptoms of Schizophrenia’.
The ultimate issue about the SNS and Parasympathetic, It is
no surprise that in 1949 he shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology
with Egas Moniz, for “…his discovery of the functional organizer of the
interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs.” The
powerful contribution of this two is in terms of ‘Viscosity of Blood’ and
‘squint’, led to further conclusions about ANS; the autonomic nervous system.
Walter Rudolf Hess describing his work mentioned “In contrast with very extensive…investigation
of the vegetative (i.e., involuntary or autonomic) nervous system, there
existed relatively limited knowledge of the central organization of the whole
regulating apparatus….It had nevertheless become clear that…the parts of the
brain joined from above directly to the spinal marrow – the Medulla oblongata
and ‘the portion lying immediately under the cerebrum, the so-called
interbrain’ - exert a decisive influence on the vegetative
regulations….(Something was known in this connection of the function of a group
of nuclei at the base of the brain referred to collectively as the
hypothalamus). That “The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts;
the sympathetic, arising from cells in the thoracic and upper lumbar region of
the spinal cord; and the parasympathetic, arising from cells in the mid-brain,
the medulla oblongata, and the lower, or sacred, region of the spinal cord. .
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