After the Music Stopped - by Alan S. Blinder

Title - After the Music Stopped
Author - Alan S. Blinder

Published by - Penguin

Year - 2013
Review - Sampson Onwuka

'The financial crisis, the response, and the work ahead….'

The theme motivation for financial crisis at the very junior level is perhaps the summary of the book by Alan Blinder. The best-selling author presented a step by step unraveling of the problems of 2008 and why it happened. It is important that a case study of this nature should incorporate some of the basic innovation in earlier books on 2008. It is important that the territorial integrity of the author is defended concerning the left and right of the crisis, beginning with a short dribble into the failing necessity to reprove the lending practice. Whereas the author may have given to several informed sources on the lingering problems of debt service and repay rate, we wonder why no few Americans mentioned Alan Blinder to the corridors of the prophets of financial unbound. At least some of us indicated that such was the case anymore than the situation warranted, but the sharp thrust between a misnomer and organ of the Reserve is within the dust on the investigative reporting. At least in crisis - there are always causes and effects, especially the reasons for the crisis, but in his book, there are several trying reasons for the period and why the lessons serve several purposes and one. For a professor attached to Princeton University and a doctored advertorial for financial capacity - especially in Risk management, there are possibilities of assuming a just leniency to his lithe academic.

Nothing is far from the gospel of repentance and as such the professor may sound off the lessons of 2008 but these were obvious lessons and the storied consequences drawn from other sources is not better than expected. The lessons endures, the lessons which the book offers survive for ordinary reasons, to a point that we appreciate his book only from a distance with lit glow light of thoroughly searching example - yet lacking in originality.

Let us quickly mention that the seven distinctive concerns and motive for lessons from 2008 raised and discussed by the author include (1) inflated asset prices (2) excess leverage (3) lax financial regulation (4) disgraceful banking practices (5) the crazy quilt of bad regulation (6) the abysmal performance of the statistical rating agencies (7) a problem of permanent money. His general and main concern is (1) subprime mortgage (2) Alt – A mortgage ---origination of loans and how it translated itself to the general public and how well the government was prepared to handle these issues.

It is interesting that the author – Alan Blinder - a one time member of Federal Reserve and accomplished duct tape for reforms at the Federal Reserve may point out some of the benefits of writing about the latest crisis years after the incident. His point is well taken but edited materials from the 2008 incident may serve as a torch stone of examples for providence but in these years, these stories from 2008 and a book of such magnitude may or may not likely persuade the public but it narrows the conflicting dissent over the role of Government in terms like this. The book is testament to the power of narrative as if the author is writing for providence and try for the sake of history to keep the account straight. The title is another matter, 'After the Music Stopped' is far more stile than the non-musical macarana that would have followed a different title; 'The Music Ended' or perhaps ‘And The Music Ended’.

There are practical intellectual lessons resulting from doctrine linear perception of 2006, 2008, - no different from some of other trying moments of the Federal Reserve and U.S economy - but in 'After the Music Stopped' the problems of 2008 offers its own solution. Yet far from the maddening crowd are examples resilience in the industry which are no mirage but seem so from years that distance us every day from the main events of 2008. How distant the years is how certain actions of the State and those of the banks and the general public were a moral hazard and constipation that needed surgical procedure and not the experiment that nearly trapped Bernanke’s administration. There are issues of Prime Mortgages (a) FHA/VA mortgages and Residential mortgage-backed securities ($1.2 trillion in 2006), and the additional weight of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprises Oversight (OFHEO) which the author raised, and if this is the case, the resolve is generally infectious. How infectious is a matter of the Oversight Committee and who is reading Alan S. Blinder.

Appraised from a different landscape, the lessons serve no small purpose and may be practically outside the grasp of regular people. I guess this is where the issue get muddy and the professor gets a red eye. How does the pertinent lessons of 2008 reach the consumer that need it more. For sure, the financial language of 'After the Music Stopped' is a proper class and may serve in itself a strategic turn off for regular folks. In future the author can remember that Americans are very educated but majority of their financial literature in real time is struggling and suffer in interest. This is perhaps not enough reason to propose that the author was writing with a mirror reflecting the prejudiced concern of the public concerning the $1.2 trillion spent by the government and why, or that he skewed over it. The book however renders itself disabled by the enigma that welcomes risk as inevitable and human and therefore expected. Yet if we suggest to the rest of us that a 22% increase in house acquired over a period as the author mentioned, is worth the trial by market or sustainable, we may or may not resist the greater temptation of doubting the munificence of buying, selling, and carrying on of the deal at the Federal Reserve and Wall Street without thresholds and warning signs. And if this is common sense invocation to complex matter, the Federal Reserve is not without blames.

There are deals the government made with General Motor and with Chrysler and there was TARP for multi-billion dollar bridge within the accessibility of (1) National Economic Council - (NEC) (2) Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), etc., and they were involved in handling the financial resources available. The author also mentioned that “The markets involved included those for mortgage backed securities (MBS), other asset-backed securities (abs), commercial paper (CP), repurchase agreements (“repos”), and a bewildering variety of derivatives, including the notorious collateral debt obligations (CDOS) and the ill-fated credit default Swaps (CDS).” This tautological narrative of financial instrument is useful as a way of improving public psychology of what happened but as a way of improving the expectations at the market place it fails as an after-piece. The systematic definition of International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), Systemic Risk Regulator – Ted, securitization of money, Capital and liquidity Requirement, (SIFI) (SIFI), (TBIF), The FDIC and in terms of the financial landscape, Federal agencies, etc., explains the professor’s classroom lithograph. We are perhaps in this class taking this lectures and perhaps not in his class.

Some have argued that the book is a story of what happened with the 2008 financial landfall and the lessons from it, but this is not exactly the case since there is certain ingredients in the writing that peep out gradually if not slovenly. For instance, Alan Blinder mentioned in (p.19), that “When an economy is inching along, with employment drifting down, spending weakening, and its financial system reeling from gut wrenching year of ups and downs, that economy is in a weak position to withstand any adverse shocks.” In essence, there are other components dictating the economic recession of 2008 but it was shifted away from the economy to Wall Street who took much of the blame. Blinder did not however mention spending section away from CPI since investment over the top is a kind of spending that suggest increase in profit – meaning there was profit from the perceived bad investment strategies and the issue as the risk the players were willing to take – for over the top spending is from only salvaged dividends during periods of surplus.

The second reasons for the over-the-top spending and investment can be understood from what happens when there is recovery, that to that short-term at least, the recovery rate from 0 convexities is a positive economy and a plus for investors. It is nearly a debt and investment category when there is an uptake during reversals from negative balance sheet. Blinder indicated that US economy under the fine numbers of jobs and employment numbers showed only relative concerns of slowing down until on September 15th 2008 when Lehman filed to Bankruptcy and in his words ‘the whole US economy fell of the table.” However we can use a counter-argument for Job and GDP dependent economy that GDP is so far as the overall US markets are concerned was a better measure, for instance, Job losses in 2008 averaged ‘152 thousand’ per month, but towards the end of 2008, the losses leaped to 598, 000 jobs per month and then to 780 thousand job losses in the first few months of 2009, yet the overall U.S GDP of 2008 and 2009 country inched closer to an upside. These numbers are however negligible if only we can equally show that the US market and economy was adding enough money and enough jobs throughout the same period of the down turns. In this case however, adverse shocks of investment banking folding such as Lehman was reflected not in the country are GDP.

Others reviews may have mentioned Blinder's curious concerns for reforms, for instance the reform of proprietary trading by banks and re-arranging the regulatory con, the reforms on derivatives, reforms of Hedge funds or regulating Hedge funds, reform of pay package for executives which has been under consideration, reform and redesigning mortgage finance, Federal Reserve Reform – Section 13 (13) “finance bailouts”, ‘Glass-Steagall barriers….’, reforming the rating and the described role of the SEC, but he was not leading any choruses in his book. He is interested in ‘bail out’ but his financial leniency tethers on justifying the actions of the Federal Reserve at the Kamikaze of 2008.

Alan Blinder is no stranger to reform and perhaps no leader of any reform begins with his thesis on housing that “…home-building rose from 4.5 percent in 2000 to just over 6 percent in 2005. That extra 1.5 percentage points of GDP, spread out over five years, added just 0.3 percent per year to the overall GDP growth rate. Not much.” Compared to the housing numbers that were sentenced to a presumption of 30 year decay or mortgage at a requisite 6% and in the receding decade and perverse five years, the houses were returning to the market with 17%– 22% rate which has a net compounding effect of proportion which the new owners were not aware of. He posed the question of subprime and the issue of indicators – from the expectations ‘you couldn’t lose by investing in houses’, that the temptation to take additional debt during the long decade is exponential in its unraveling that a price tag twice the original currency was too common for any buyer to see the imprecator. For instance, at the growth rate of 1.5% and 0.3 diffusion rate – bank could still operate with a safe-margin but it doesn’t seem sustainable at 22% overnight increase in market value.

Alan blinder in this tailored explication of the forces that conjured up the 2008 financial collapse is not flirting with danger. The toss between the end of a sensitive investment group and the collapse of even greater proportion were not items that escape the decision complex of 2008 class, and even in this book, there are lessons to be learnt but circumstances that herald world financial shortfalls are still visible. The financial house just doesn’t collapse like that.

The Short View

The changing face of the transition is between 17% and 22% fixed income securities makes a louder case, that one the investing market divide their own according to how well and perhaps easily to rain in the buyers. That is the material culture of investment banks – or so they become after 2008 – is such that the corporation feigned under the microscope of risk asset allocation. He overstated some of the debt on houses to earnings – even on a national level, even though they ended up packaging or re-packaging several loans for customers creating money from non-monetary bath – it was not common place. Simply put the familiar issue of collateral debt obligation or collateral in shorts, was such that these spring boards for many companies and individuals served equal opportunity for other debt sanctuary elsewhere – with or without the suspicions of the Commercial banks, debts were been re-packed and the Federal Reserve were not unware of it.

We take that a 40 to 1 leverage at (2.5%) is base story for a financial pyramid that has a 40 to nearly 1 chance of making it, almost pyramid obverse down. This is not the same with 2.5% going rate or any hurdles over 2% - there are chances that the rate at which buildings stand and the structure in of itself may give us hints of understanding. That everybody in Banking knew that the house was likely to fall was perhaps not true. Nothing was however done to stop it was both a lesson and a challenge which appear in his book. We may add that the actions taken by Feds and Treasury was no contingent on CDO or OTC or collateral requirement for banks with FDIC and Federal Reserve convertibles.

How well we recall the themes of the Music are details for an end game - that is how the expectations of irrationality in market movement and how the behaviors in common momentum inspire caution. There is the Golden rule ‘do unto others as you want them to do unto you’ – a theme familiar with ‘stitch in time’ each line capable of forestalling the false sensation of moving market and poverty if not failure for not trying. There are winners and losers when markets expose the earning potential, there are risk in many ways than one, but one recurrent theme which the lasting principles of even a Federal Reserve cannot defend is the premier issue of long term investment or housing even when banks are saturated with borrowing and lending practice. There are times that we may wish certain times hardly take place in business of everyday life, or avoid narrow disclosure indictment for a failed or failing house such as Countrywide but when there is Irrational behavior of any market, it is hard to handle.

There are issues that are forcing the actions of the lending party through a credit based avenue that never since the age of credit card and at least the run of the 80’s that made its way into American industrial life. If there is CDOs and (CDO) 2, they result from placing CDOs on top CDOs and may lead to CDO2 which where the problems of the collateral begins and perhaps ends. Debt on top of debt requires collateral, but on when specific collateral was used for multiple debt acquisition – the death pyramid is obverse and standing on the peak which was expected to tip over. For a while this was not the case and such there was the beginning of seem like the music. 8% losses that accumulates “across all five underlying mortgage pools – D2 – securities promised to pay debts if Bank Corporation (RBC)

In so far as Paul A. Volcker is concerned, these correlations where not directly effective, he took more faith in larger picture, increased interest rate mainly as the overall economy detected new growth and mainly in employment numbers suggest. That poor correlation enhanced public expectations in the markets, for if we were sure that that huge percentage appreciation of interest rate promoted a frisson effect that short term outlooks of many businesses were compromised with such gallop changes interest rate only to be pampered and perm-pressed or smothered into long range planning giving the plateau that was reached in the 80’s, characterized in part by lack of leads, stagflation; arbitrary justifying price and problem of demand by default creating redundancies which are natural consequences of a fully cornered stock market or when we experience on the graph extreme cases of zero fluctuation. There is also the lack of international scalable interest rate, which showed in 2008 but was not dominant since Europe pegged their financial woes differently from U.S and Asia particularly China was at the uspwing. We are not in defense of banks and their activities but when there are multiple fluctuations and varying degrees of financial velocity, it seems that the damages done at any level of lending can be remedied with additional lending tree and debt acquisition. Then lending safe-net and debts as far as markets were concerned had no threshold.

So the use of jobs, dovish job numbers is a persuasion for the future market hence more lenient to long term U.S outlook or a dash to Bond markets; an escape instrument well practiced and used by the Feds. Such long term remedy offers a distraction on short terms than the present value estimators of interest rate and the Hawks who like Bernanke showed obvious emphasis on the Big Banks, the here and now estimate for future gain reverts to interest rate – fund’s rate to mention.

'After the Music Stopped' hints on the impact of labor and employment statistics on the development of U.S interest rate, where the interest rate as we mentioned can serve as a direct sensitive U.S economic barometer. It speaks of what affects U.S interest rate especially during 8% seasonal adjustment such as Christmas when demands tend to last, that a change or to some extent failure to meet estimate or dividends which are bound to interest rate reflect activities from the top affecting the bottom. Actions need not to wait but exactly when to intervene is a second matter. This is also excusable since unusual changes in banking and housing with momentum and aggregate demand, that from prices further appreciation of interest rate continues and the 'Music' will continue if there is profit or projection of surpluses leading to new line of investment. The real rate of return is a different matter so also the interest rate being those within the margins of the Fund’s rate.

Director for NABOB

By

Sampson Onwuka

 

 James L. Winston at large. Director for NABOB

James L. Winston

We can discuss James L. Winston as Chair for NABOB – at least to the pages of the Kristal Zook, but the shallow information for a Chairman for minority network proportion is hardly a disappointment saving for the levels of expectations in the young industry. But the actors from Ira Aldridge to Shenandoah to Paul Robeson to film makers such as Oscar Micheaux are not a poor show for the birth of television or Hollywood. The detailed information about African American networks and perhaps the history of operation in United States inspire additional reasons for James L. Winston to show proof that Black Entertainment Television is not a one-time event.  

Some of the gaps in African American Television are the poor narrative history of NABOB production circle, others include means and ways of generating money – product type for instance the case study for the Reginald Lewis promotional grants and Bill Cosby originality for new episode. 

NABOB – National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters and attorney based in Washington. The survey of African American markets has to wait, but there is so much missing about old production company for Black Comedy and the structure of network in the United States. It is the network and its enduring capacity that is far more detailing than another half an hour. But this is why books on African American networked lack challenges – that poor definition of the limits of NABOB and cultural milieu destined to court the attention of the minority is fitting argument for 1981 FCC Amendment. Pursuant to FCC 1981 is the dragging question of feature length of Soap Opera for African American and disentitled daytime drama retailing inner city life may be lacking coverage and leaderless attention for African American Society and NABOB. There are pale reasons why this is not an overnight movie but there are reasons which the culture of narrative and representation inspire. There is always challenges but poor show is disguised appreciation for depressed market and is not a reason. 

 

It is here that James L. Winston becomes important as a cog and furniture central to NABOB and wow psychology that usually elude UNO - Radio One.  We compare the levity of representation in the overall network provision – on stray language – minority coverage that blanket theories apply limiting poor and up-ended representation of several groups at several networks. Since NAACP is destined to hard and fast rules of political engagement, there are needs to show course that NABOB as a liberal arm of the 5^th element of the statement can sponsor narrow interest in ungunthered network coverage such as live in the inner city, homeless and drug recovery proportion, continues problems of human traffic and the labor crisis of highest demotion for U.S workers for all class of respect. Our attention is not saved By NABOB in on itself, but on how he manages to network with at least a leading 20 top African Americans in cyber and Internet Network. Of late do the lists of 25 top African American in technology make their way to a Megan Rose List – in interesting delight on network thrust whereas they are mainly privateer? 

Yet it is not amusing that names such as Lisa Lambert (Organizer with Intel’s Desktop, Pentium II and III nunnery – Associate with VM Ware, Financial engines, and MySQL) is not heard off let alone known for African American internet currency. Whereas network stop engines such as  Kirk Douglass and Kenneth Coleman (ITM Activism), David Drummond (faz-community.faz.ne), Shelleye Archanbeau (LoudCloud, North point Communications) and John Thompson (Cloud Security, virtual Instrument) are relatively well known, there are others that migrate from production to security to television and to other transport distillation that are none-existent – even for Konka. This is where the NABOB in terms of production capacity, Broadcast and network mingle to a degree that what is left of perhaps Family Matters by Miller-Boyett production, Brickley- Warren productive, Lorimer Television and Warner Brothers do not age or cease that easy.

Responding to the a question by Zook to his experiences working as an African American Network owner mentions responded that “In 1978, there was only one Africa-America-owned television station and about forty African American owned radio Stations. Just two years later, there were ten African American-owned T.V stations, and in 140 African American-owned radio stations.” The citations reflect the comparative strength of radio to television for African American networks in United States and perhaps elsewhere. There are more radio stations in United States than Television; it looks like the advent of new forms of network has made it possible for communities propagate their interest by taking advantage of main stream information.

Ali as Undefeated

By




Sampson I. Onwuka






At 73, our choice of an Undefeated is former World Heavy Weight Champion and show master - Mohammed Ali. Not every one is qualified to write about professional boxers or any sport, but there is something about a decision to publicly state that I will overcome this problem and win the medal and actually doing it.



Whereas the political tension of the 60's shoulder some of the narrative on an Undefeated Mohammed Ali, it is commitment to 'perfection' more than anything that made an icon for all time.









Picture from cdn.aarp.org --- for Mohammed and Lonnie Ali exercising the due power of.... in a lasting and unyielding encounter. The Champ is still honored for his resiliency, it narrows down to people who knew more - more than anyone perhaps - is this woman, his wife.


It is impossible to reason why on all the Roses that are Red, there is one that please us most. It conquer differently, how differently is why a picture of Champion and an undefeated Champion is always within the sketching distance of Mohammed Ali, a page in our image of what a fighter looks like differently or perhaps similar to others who the Greek praise above others.


Perhaps the temptation to narrate every fighter a Champ defeats the purpose that in searching for strength, there is life outside the ring.





Upon - Mefu...Haa









The Story of an Undefeated can not begin with the reason to , it begins in Rome 1960 with the final decision in his favor for a Gold Medal for all time.


Perhaps the passion for boxing will fiddled with ambers but for a shot at the top, the deafening shadow of Louisville Kentucky assume a higher calling. Perhaps


Although many historians reflect the earlier years of the Champ, it is perhaps the later years that is prove that he was not a champion for Rome, he was a champion for all.









Standing in the light of grey arena, it is impossible to recognize a spirit of competition and the grand yearning for a champion which some say is in all of us.


Only the miracle of a few punches will end such illusion of greatness saving perhaps a life motivated for admiration will perchance remain in the arcana of professional boxing.









Courtesy of Dailymail.uk. A picture of Mohammed Ali (Cassius Clay) in 1963 in Pittsburgh training for Charles Powell.


Mohammed Ali is remembered every now and then for his professional attitude to boxing but it is testimony that he will done perhaps the same in nearly in some calling or another but heavens know, that boxing was his alter.


The formative structure of disciplined life will test the roast of social disorder but one commitment to excellence will in end come true.




Get up Champ! Not that punch but a Parkinson is where the lasting conflict with nature and perhaps over nature will reign your memory. For anyone born on Jan 17th especially1942 there is something wrong with this picture.


I personally have no idea what it is - perhaps a slip or fall, a cold...but like all obstacles, we get up, we get going, we will be knocked down, we will fall, but in words of Churchill 'We never surrender'.



Some day perhaps, we will see you fight.

Warren Buffet and Price History

By

Sampson I. Onwuka



zeistful picture of Warren Buffet.


There market efficiency arguments to be made about price history by many wonderful experts. The central key word for price history is management and result which Warren Buffet more than recent expert is firmly associated with it. We may suggest that he has also influenced management style in the last half a century in the United States and elsewhere. His style is world renown but is not exactly the best practice or do we state for sure that such styles are immune to failures and weakness or shocks from poor management procedure. But this is the point that price history matters, records of company performance matters, reputation in business matters but we can also state clearly that none of that is a deciding factor in real business exercise. We can suggest that management style may help individuals adjust to business interest and choice and this is closer to fundamental use of judgement than a general rule for deciding in any market.


It is important to reason for Dummy Variable is to navigate the market function in such a way that we deliver the psychology of wealth and human consumption from unrealized sentimental. It is not a motivation in the case to call this uniform theories of disequilibrium or a pressure to respond to the dynamics of a bear market shifting to a General Equilibrium or macro over micro. It will not also defend the idea that opposite which is momentum has bullish tendencies, or interacts between idea of changes in the market in real time or a flow, without a modality as pathology is the opposite of the fundamental or optimal requiring graphs and variables.


Each stage has its redeeming definitions – price and advantage and has losses and disadvantages, but disequilibrium is ultimately a personal pursuit of the remote sense of happiness and satisfaction and the market like most trading places determines the movement and not the companies. Behavioral economics gives a false sense of price which has no history and for that reasons fundamental market movers second guess market momentum. If I should challenge some of the assumptions in Warren Buffets intellectual currency that price does have history, I may begin by pointing to the levels of market expectations and perhaps the NIARU – even at undetermined appreciation level.


In point to the same fate and argument made by Benjamin Graham and in recent times, Warren Buffet, the systematic induction of price movement as a function of human decision, exist only on certain level. The level is not very obvious as far employment rates are concerned, or as far as quantity is concerned, the level is operational dynamic of entry consumptive data indexing and somewhere in the middle management where quantity and duration pamper some of the risk factor and momentum. In some sense, price becomes subordinate to history and to fundamental coercion of quarterly and periodic earnings when there are obvious dissolution of white noise or signs of indigent reaction of the total carrier to external or internal shocks to the system.


At the level that Buffets refers to, our expectations of total economic package and returns on investment based on daily movement and revert flow to stochastic (stock), size and quantity becomes important. A sizable of the proportion that Buffet operates with and perhaps Graham, makes price and cyclical economic returns very important, given the tendency to insulate momentum by stretching the expectation to less 5% or less cumulative profit.


 The financial polar tug and gravitas to earning rates at that levels is usually poor informative procedure given the size considered. We can add that the study of the risk factor involved is to closer to balancing of equilibrium or uniform convergence to equilibrium – a bad thesis for market impetus leading to general equilibrium or what constitute oversight under micro-management. Size does matter in deciding the history of numbers, does not mean it is correct, does mean that size of investment in so far a linear market is concerned or one industry as the case of tier 1 and perhaps tier 2 without the distinct issue or role of money supply-, size can move any market at any time to a specific direction forcing momentum even without the convexity bias of less than zero or the skewer (skewness) distributed with less on perhaps diffusion rate over duration.


Size can also diminish the ability to move mutual funds from real estate or revert to gold on earliest signs of fluctuation – which is behavioral – to some extent irrational as opposed market decay which are changes in elastic constant over a 9 year cyclical economic long term.


There are stages of these development and generational pathology and it applies not to the companies in a sector – age of the sector but also the political age of the economic community whose instability is usually a false justification for actions primitive to accounting and corruption which is the bane of most societies. Showing the duration of some companies operation in any industries may be important information in determining what may or may not be a controlling factor in brokering a study in specific industrial sector of any demand and supply. PIMCO removing their investment vehicle from U.S bond market may be tactically induced by financial institutions, no less purported to Lehman and Bear Stearn with view of stimulating stock market or cast aspersion on IOU as efficient market position reverting to gold. Federal Government usually throw money out there to the banks during emergent control problems of momentum to forestall skidding and kurtosis and enable size and economics of quantity as item to helm fluctuation reducing the momentum and panic in the global market.





Peter Phan (2015)---writing for Forbes on Warrent Buffet favorite book ‘The Outsider’ a William K Thorndike (2012), describes the importance of records in the life of a company and the practical exercise of Berkshire Hathaway. That "Warren Buffett is better known for investing in companies like The Coca-Cola KO -1.04% Company and GEICO, which are heavily covered by the markets and the media. Unbeknownst to many is Buffett’s deep engagement in entrepreneurial activities that provide seed capital. In today’s businesses, a CEO plays a vital role within an organization. From a valuation perspective, their strong track record will drive market confidence and make the company more attractive to investors." As such tract record to price history is commercial interest for mounting investor confidence.


If investor confidence is reach by numbers and consistent delivery rate, the numbers add momentum is sufficient to ensure that rating from primary and secondary sources are relevant. 1% is to important to ignore but junk bonds for practical real time investment is discount for larger return, to bond rate perhaps risk averse. Preferred (Prebend) attraction for exceptional stocks (that is companies in nose-dive) allows a different argument by Warren Buffet to prosper for reasons of debentures or above the market price (usually below) with new and defunct companies as target practice.


We can still argue that ability of any company to adjust to momentum or return to normal distribution following shocks to the system, excise the strength of the company or performance of the management. It is also a exercise of a company’s competitive advantage. But profit is by default on the argument that company’s yield is based on the shortfalls in other companies especially big companies that were mismanagement. Efficient market hypothesis.....


In a sense, understanding a tendency to abbreviate or gauge what happens to a specific interest item or study – gives us a hint of one’s pathology – does not mean that an emphasis on history is prove that an expert is looking at what happens to fundamental changes in the market and why it does. To obviate that the intellectual ancestors of market makers were chartist or bond’s men perhaps with graphs to burn in, may influence attitude to market apps - it may seem to show the age of the brain involved (experience), may explain the gap approaching the reasons why some experts emphasis summation or reduction and why they defends the assumptions that a process or strategy needs to be defended to a point of apathy – show signs of sentiments or overall strategy and therefore in appropriate in accessing risk value.


We can consider the use of dummy variables as a means of overcoming sentiments which show up every now and then. The question about market price and history, explains the limits of market exercise that compares the past to the present, as way to broker the future in spite of changes in world market. A 2008 symposium is a false entropy although the ‘taste of the pudding (purnice) is in the eating’, Warren Buffet ability to offset some of his companies and re-alternate his preferred shares in certain major Banks – Wachovia to mention – is an exceptional candidature and probably not the norm. The veracity of price over history – vice versa – require larger platform but it is important to note that even fundamental shocks and sentiments in the markets which is enforced by records may reflect more troubles with a company and the market blinded from easy operators. Although the Lagrange officialdom on transmitting the limits of linearity of economic models to disequilibrium explains General equilibrium.


That Jevon to the left sided materialist such as Alfred Whitehead, some of the examples in the history of mathematics and reduction of intelligence to basic and adulterated formulas, explains the age of the cultural history, the size of the industries and the persons on interest who we call the intellectual ancestors. A proof to show course is a legal as well mathematical indicia of prosecution that a Roase as open to Coarse would divide to alter that in law in art, the rule of logics is reduced to numbers – each an items of process explaining perhaps a period.


We look at the decision of most economists to use dummy variables to widen the scope of tables as a form of pathology that entails as much problems as the first men and perhaps women used pebbles to organize house management. It does not appeal that a poverty in Gaussian mathematically models diminishes a Movier (?) over Paschal on the limits of probability, or does it shy from the weak arguments on recent market hypothesis in names of Fama and in deeds of Black.

Robert Sapolsky akin to Robert Plomin to halle 'Alzheimers' to Speech and Dementia

By

Iroabuchi S. Onwuka


These two men probably need introduction but their work do not.

Robert Sapolsky


Robert Plomin

By

Iroabuchi S. Onwuka

My interest in the general theory of protein and the plaque on the brain that block some of the receptive life streaming between the medulla and cortex started with Robert Plomin. Although some of his theories have high Darwin absorption rate it looks to narrate the development of human cells along the nurture of one’s environment. The issue is not the effects of environment on human intelligence but the extent some of the genes in the body proclaim the audacity for academic ability. There are so much we can narrate from the issue of nurture and nature and one predilections of one’s environment, but to the extent that the environment s and human consumption of energy are experienced in the body troughs specific pathways, nurture and nature and the adaptive procreation of human beings from plants and plankton to microbes that eat green algae to prokaryotes adapting to living on the surface of the earth until the worm-like organelles – the Eukaryotes may explain the nature of experiences and human senses and how they reflect our lives proving a curative. One of the greater importance of the life and growth of cells into full adult forms is the power of the brain; especially the function of the hypothalamus is handling the environmental reactionary – for instance the natural constants such temperature and pressure – and its envelope effect on the release of hormones from the body are controlled by the brain. The brain therefore forms the backlog of human understanding and the biological evolution and it is considered from more ancient past sacral due to its ability to perform very practical function of the body.

The question of the brain with redundancies sorted by the cerebrum is the fact that proteins can be treated to avoid the gradual death – perhaps through a cystic autoimmune deficiency and accumulation of hormones that depletes another, or hormones triggered into bad actions or poor timing due to failures of the hypothalamus to regulate the body hence ousting bad timing. The next important aspect of sensory receptor cells and is the role of LTP; long term Potentiation, by which ‘a synaptic model for learning is the process of stimulating a dendritic spine in a dense cluster of rapid action potentials, resulting in that synapse becoming hyper responsive or potentiated’ and ‘after potentiation has occurred the pathway is stronger’.  In all likelihood, potentiation is that probability that one neuron can cause action potential. and mentioned the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) and PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System), where the voluntary nervous system controls as it where for many cases involving both sides of the information that ‘Voluntary Nervous System’ which controls rapid regulations of skeletal muscles. So he described plasticity in ANS function as condition made possible for three functions (a) habitation (b) sensitization (c) biofeedback, all of which are part of the parameters of ANS.

The third plasticity is the ‘Biofeedback’ lope, which Sapolsky described as a “conscious tool for controlling the unconscious workings of the ANS; for example, thinking relaxing thoughts can reduce the SNS responses.” For instance Chocolate contain ‘Phenylthalamine’ (PEA), which is visible and noticed in large amount for people in love, especially women, show that the long held view that chocolate is the food for the soul, may have some chemical reasons for it. In essence love or the feeling of being in love can be forced by the intake of a ‘PEA’ brand. This area more than anything involves the new attempts at evolutionary behavior of human psychology.

Arguing from Robert Plomin’ hypothesis, this was gene or what they ‘accurately’ mention as allele, was found in the ‘Chromosome 6 and in an insulin-like growth factor-2-receptor’, and Plomin it is argued, collectively grouped this set of genes as ‘IGF2R’, and ‘two forms or alleles were examined known as allele 4 and allele 5’ that it was believed to have been involved in neurophysiology of the brain and the functions were not well known. But from other sources, the structure of human brain significantly differ from the Chimpanzee and other Homo-erectus, and from instance mentioned here and in the relation between the Insulin-like gene no doubt relative to other sugar control genes like the ones the humans cannot produce; Sialic Acid, seem to suggest a relevant relationship to dope or similar enzymes that are linked to B receptor cells. Although Matt Ridley independently mentioned that the middle IGF2Ry of Plomin containing 7, 473 letters are mostly found in Chromosome 6 which is he called intelligence gene of the total 98, 000 letters. Merck ‘TSA, and TAAs typically are potions of intracellular molecules expressed on the cell surface as part of the major histocompatibility complex’, host response to tumors constitute its cellular immunity, biology of the immune system constitute its cellular receptivity. “Any auto-reactive lymphocytes not controlled by these mechanisms are usually restrained by FOXP3+regulatory T-Cells. A regulatory T-Cells defect may accompany any of these mechanisms for autoimmunity. Anti-idiotype antibodies (antibodies to the antigen-combining site of other antibodies) may interfere with regulations of antibody activity”

Robert Sapolsky in one his teachings on ‘Biology and Human behavior’ showed how the connections between the Cortex to the Limbic is physiological displayed in the brain function, such that Frontal Contex shows a connection to the Amygdala to the Hippocampus, from what they called the hippocampus to Formix to Septum in a short attempt to translate information – especially sound to the brain illustrated through the Hillocks. The impact of sound on human language is a long story of sound and memory that separate the structure of the animals from one form to another, perhaps the human brains so wired to understand and analyze sounds is based on the brain where the frontal cortex or lobe is as protruding as perhaps human closest primates. It is easier to make the study that connection of the Thalamus to Hypothalamus is biological, entails sound and perhaps speech entails attitude to things about us than others that the other sensory nervous system including temperature and pressures which are part of the brain’s memory are not taken seriously. Whereas the argument is entirely useful that majority of what the fibers of brain protein retains is closer to sound than temperature – for instance the dermis of the protein walls and the sodium gated channels between the ions and solute below the two layer of cytoplasm is based on sound – more to sound than temperature – since sound parts the gated channels encouraging the reproductive quality of APO-proteins. But it is really the temperature that serve this purpose not necessarily the final versions of temperature which is sound exist the axial stage of zero or neutral stage. We can sum up the relationship between heat and temperature to sound and energy as a consequence of light and coloration defining the age of the sound and the perception which is a differential so to speak of relative response of the body to new sound and experience. So between the Thalamus and hypothalamus through to the Mammillary Bodies are question of transition that enables the body and the brain to perform their function through the right process and processes of information translation.

A Negative Feedback loop is a term that recently achieved field theory, commonly used in the relation of the small quantity to the original body. My oldest knowledge of the use of the negative feedback is used by Harold Stephen Black considered an engineer. But the double negative feed gives us a better picture of human memory which is a relay process and deals with human synaptic that age with levels of receptive ability. In small inlets, the rate a breakdown takes in the body is not different from the way the body analyses its information. This process however breakdown as we age and the rate at which we are aware conformed by return of negative message – message since it detonates a parts of human brain most reception to a system entering the medulla on which the hormones stimulus is most effective. Without this negative feedback essentially returning a sound, a voice as with dermis to another to major domo, the color that separate the information and elements will filter different and the brain will not distil () and we remember the past not the very present. In one offs beat argument, there is something about the relationship between what we remember and here, Alzheimer is important in Medicine. How we react to information and is perhaps related to speech, behavior, and what they call the frontal loop but it is really a matter of the body ability to handle specific nature of information. An excessive form of the informed reaction may be taken as dementia, but really the ability of the body to project an experience is more to do with frontal loop not necessarily what we consider a re-collection.

We shall cite an example on how the language and human sounds pave and close means and ways the bother transposes itself and why the theme of logic and speech permeate the very knowledge of human body. It is an example that paves the way for understanding the brain diseases and conditions, where the impact of information system to any part of body and to the simulation of suppressed emotions and enzymes and sex hormones can suggest that a recommendation of the use and abuse of a therapy, sexual therapy, sensitized neuropathy and above all the culture with charged sexuality suppressing these emotions differently. Free Nerve ending have no “preferred” mode, it is stimulated without a preferred mode and in various other ways, it is equally responsive equally responsive to chemicals, temperature, damage to the tissue, electricity which is recent addition and radiant energy.

The Cochlea as we shall also discuss will open several arguments about the ‘tick’ or ‘clicks’ of sounds in the ear and how the brain interprets it, why it was successfully perfected by Hungarian 1961 Nobel Prize in Medicine and physiology, Georg Von Bekesy, ‘for his discoveries concerning the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the Cochlea’. Georg Bekesy is not the first to perform such experiment about auditory canals but the field was quite revealing of the internal dynamics of the hearing system and not necessarily its storage capacity. His work which has led to the production of artificial Cochlea as part of the sensory prosthesis –where such devices as ‘Cochlear implants’ and ‘retinal chips’, which are small devices that look like the ear can now aid the hearing faculty of the patient.

So the outline of the brain in terms of the hearing capacities is as follow, (1) Cortex, (2) Limbic system, (3) Hypothalamus (Brian Stem), (4) Pituitary Gland. We are not very excited about with medulla oblongata or the cerebrum at this particular point, we are primarily concerned with the Cortex and the Limbic system, largely for the function they perform in helping to create a living and explicable pathway for hearing and for other forms of human device, and in multi-faced forms of storage and memory. So we begin with the Cortex. The Cortex is the part of the brain’s evolutionary structure for learning and absorption and the work of the six layered parts of the Cortex is fairly notable in Biology. We doubt that the specific function of the Brain layers is subordinate to memory and learning only, but the forms of expression that accompany such learning one hand and storage ‘memory’ on the other, compels other reaction in the large swaths of human life and its existence.

Sensory Physiology involves the study and the dynamics of how the brain connects from the outer limits of the world of information to the inner parts of the brain, a process it achieves by series of ‘interface’ or series of interconnection. The purpose of understanding the physiology of senses is that it shows how sensory receptors (cells) work to translate energy states into information that the brain recognizes, a case not too far from biophysics and in the words of Francis B. Colavita of University of Pittsburgh, sensory “Cells that change electromagnetic, mechanical, chemical, or thermal energy into a form to which the brain is responsive.” These cells translate forms of energy or states, in such a way, that receptors define our sensory world and how perceptions “created in the brain by integrating basic sense data with our past experiences. Past experiences stored in the brain give meaning to our present sensory experiences.”

It is also clear that no particular group of human primate can eagerly state for such to suffer deficiencies in any of disease than others. If we care to add at this point and in extensor, the recovery rate of body to any induced influences describe the nature and necessarily nurture of the proteins and the genetic we are saved from the arguments. Saved from the arguments is the reality which we impose from elsewhere that gorilla’s tend to higher cortisol level and steroids than most other primates, that whereas human have degrees of the blood types of the classic version of A, B, and O, is lacking in gorilla and Chimpanzees with only specific blood types. The contentious issues is the copious separation of a peculiar brain condition – the Dementia closer to the frontal cortex and the place of frontal lobes which is a final protein products of a blood deep in valines, two valines stymies’ depression tendency, show high levels of clearance of cortisol and a versed version of cortisone – steroids and hence slightly immune to depressive chemical imbalances of valines in the demine of a specific enucleated blood type. The other aside of the dementia – and the in the case is the plaque of composition in the nerves and protein walls of the brain, that is the Alzheimer is no less a condition respective to the slow translation of informed exposure than the ability of the running ‘fibroins’

Saunders, A, M, W.J Strittmatter, et al, 1993 “Several independent line of evidence led us to examine apolipoprotein E in later onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). We observed several proteins in CSF that bound to immobilized amyloid-beta-peptide (found in AD affected brains) with high affinity. Micro-sequencing and Western blotting technique identified APOE as one of these proteins. APOE was known to be localized to the region of Chromosome 19, which in previous studies had shown possible linked to onset FAD. Furthermore, antisera to APOE stained senile plaque, neuro-fibrillary tangles, and cerebral vessel amyloidal deposits in AD brains” The subject of recent experiment Robert Green is based on the reproductive ability of APOE and how it can enhance the the warning signs of Alzheimer. If you take the case very seriously, the informed 

Weiner, Shulman, et al, @2003, “Signals are relayed from one neuron to another along the neuron’s long fiber, called the axon.” That at “...the end of the axon, the signal flashes across a space between the cells called the synoptic cleft. The signal then activates the next cell, which carries it along the axon to the next cell, which carries the signal along – so on.” These informed pathways gives us fare idea on how energy is processed by the body and how the gradual failure of the brain and mind is linked to neurons and the adaptive tissues. In considering the failures of body and brain to defend its against Alzheimer there are degrees of failures. Naturally the assumption is the tissues and axons poles may be responsible for the deficiency in information, especially in relationship between the races - the rate being the worse in human races with European and North Atlantic background. But this is not perhaps the case - the case is that the plaques and tangles in Alzheimer may have a lot to do with blood types and ability of remove hard to digest enzymes and chemicals from the body.

“The brain is divided into three main sections; the two cerebral hemispheres (together known as the cerebrum), the cerebellum, and the brain stem. At the base of the brain are two large groups of nerve cells called the basal ganglia, which are made up of the Putamen, the Caudate, and the Globus Pallidus. The Putamen and Caudate together make up the striatum. The basal ganglia are intricately connected with almost all other regions of the brain, and they play a large role in modulating signals for normal and abnormal motor activity.” 

 

“The Substantia nigra is full of dopamine – producing cells, which deliver their product (dopamine) to the basal ganglia and other parts of the brain. Because this path for motor control includes both the substantia nigra and the striatum, it is called the nigrostiatal pathway.”

‘When the substantia nigra is damaged and the dopamine cells malfunction, the Dopamine supply to the canduate and putamen (the straitum) gradually reduced until eventually, the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease emerge – generally when about 50 percent of the cells in the substantia and damaged.”

When these do not function very well, there are instances of Parkinson. Senile dementia “A relating common condition affecting the elderly (sixties and older), caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis”

“Accepting Alzheimer’s diseases as a separation disease prevented the coming about of another, more complicated question, i.e., the question whether Senile Dementia is a disease entity to be distinguished from aging.”There are cases of cortical dementia, severe memory loss and subcortical dementia – affecting people – language difficulty (1) Parkinson’s dementia (2) Huntington’s diseases (3) AIDS dimension and other versions of multi-sclerosis. Nerve cells called neurons linking the ‘brain’ spinal down to muscles of hand, information ‘relayed’ from one nerve end – neurons to another – through fiber – (protein fiber – (wand) ) axons. A case in time concerning the Americans who suffers the accelerated versions of the Alzheimer disease beginning with the questions of MCI – Mild Cognitive Impairments….Sections of the brain…..(1)   Speech – frontal lobe (2) Thinking and Attention – frontal lobe (3) Sensation and movement (middle part of the brain) (4) Perception and Broca – following the middle part of the brain (5) Vision – back of the brain (6)   Balance – suffer a blow to the brain (7)    Emotion and memory – very lower part of the brain.

We use Robert Sapolsky’s explicating to detonate why the plaque in the brain is not so much a question of the cancer which is really cystic and the slow rate of the body to remove from medulla and oval patina of cerebrum ingestion pallets of calcium which hardly run the course with iron as a regulator or inhibitor for calcium in the blood. The blood issues regards to Alzheimer’s is plain in how the sickness may be generic, plain on how the diseases or the gradual breakdown of the nucleated member pertains to motor neuron and the its feedback potential, whereas those which accompanied versions of brain decay which is not Alzheimer’s but a sudden end capable of meeting any nerve at human ends. The issue of poor removal of calcium from the body be based on the generic struggle of one’s blood types, to an extent we can cite that the possibilities of a monkey with especially blood types suffering Alzheimer’s may differ from the human and a race to its tilt. Apparently we need describe in short details and for the interest of human cancers or cystic inducement of certain hormones in the body that may fail to function narrating the rundown of sensitive chemical repository in in the body, may explain its origins in the composition of the body and blood types.

He mentioned that in terms of ANS ‘sympathetic nervous system releases (SNS) epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenalin) is used’. The Parasympathetic nervous regulates the blood. So parts of the Neurotransmitter involves a long chain of action potential that are located somewhere in the brain and in the cortex and each of the three major plasticity in ANS function are a final look at the brain and how it functions in the main. The ‘habituation’ which relates to the process ‘whereby the same stimulus will not have the same effect on the ANS’ can better be described from the stand point of what happens in the young level of newt, the ‘sensitization’ is the process ‘whereby a stimulus that once did not have an effect on the ANS now does’, relating in part to same theory regarding the same possibility of the brain acquiring new synapse strength, were the idea of motor neurons of say a man or woman, who was essentially blocked in the motor neurons of the brain, who naturally would act and feel anything since the trigger and information storage is missing, may be a temporary and short term incident and by that the major neuron affected is the hippocampus.

The short delivery ration of information trigger is at the time of the choking blocked from learning new things, making it seem that the brain will not function. Apparently, the brain gradually picks up and heaves information and new synapses unto of the older ones, suggesting that after the sensory cells, the damage is common and may have temporary effect, but it is one of the cells that can repair at a much faster rate than others.

The SNS responses connect one very close to Parasympathetic, for that the human response to certain drugs in quite important since it enables the body to regulate the range of its emotion and to some degree expression. One example that appears in several text books which Sapolsky also mentioned relates to the dry quality of ingested drugs. It is said that some drugs when ‘ingested dry’ can enter into the ‘blood stream’ ‘enter the brain’ get into the synapse largely because the dry has similar chemical structure identical to Neurotransmitter. But other drugs can also produce the same effect by forcing the neurotransmitter into a long chain of action. For example the hallucinogen such as LSD, Mescaline, can stimulate the ‘Serotonin receptor’. And still in terms of SNS, some drugs can block information, for instance ‘Curare can block the acetylcholine receptor in the diaphragm causing breathing to cease’, cocaine of course trigger the release of dopamine hence people act weird and fearlessly. And on the other ‘Antipsychotic drugs’ can block the same dopamine receptor, weakening or ‘lessening symptoms of Schizophrenia’.

The ultimate issue about the SNS and Parasympathetic, It is no surprise that in 1949 he shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology with Egas Moniz, for “…his discovery of the functional organizer of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs.” The powerful contribution of this two is in terms of ‘Viscosity of Blood’ and ‘squint’, led to further conclusions about ANS; the autonomic nervous system. Walter Rudolf Hess describing his work mentioned “In contrast with very extensive…investigation of the vegetative (i.e., involuntary or autonomic) nervous system, there existed relatively limited knowledge of the central organization of the whole regulating apparatus….It had nevertheless become clear that…the parts of the brain joined from above directly to the spinal marrow – the Medulla oblongata and ‘the portion lying immediately under the cerebrum, the so-called interbrain’ - exert a decisive influence on the vegetative regulations….(Something was known in this connection of the function of a group of nuclei at the base of the brain referred to collectively as the hypothalamus). That “The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts; the sympathetic, arising from cells in the thoracic and upper lumbar region of the spinal cord; and the parasympathetic, arising from cells in the mid-brain, the medulla oblongata, and the lower, or sacred, region of the spinal cord. .

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